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A foreign direct investment (FDI) is an investment in the form of a controlling ownership in a business or project in one country by an entity based in another country. Unlike portfolio investment, FDI implies direct operational control — building a port, financing a railway, or developing a power plant. The distinction matters because FDI carries geopolitical weight that passive equity stakes do not.
Trade deals should be bilateral and mutually beneficial — the benefits and costs to each party should be explicit in the nature of the deal. This tracker aggregates major global FDI and infrastructure financing deals across multiple data sources: ARG curated deals, US Development Finance Corporation (DFC) commitments, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) approved projects, World Bank infrastructure lending, and AidData's Global Chinese Development Finance dataset.
China's outward FDI strategy in East Africa and Central Asia, channelled through both bilateral deals and multilateral vehicles like AIIB, raises a critical question: should infrastructure investment correlate with GDP growth in recipient countries, or does leveraged debt serve primarily as a vehicle for political influence? The data here makes those patterns visible.
ARG Curated — Archimedes Research Group manually assembled list of major infrastructure deals.
US DFC — Development Finance Corporation active transaction portfolio.
AIIB — Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank approved projects.
World Bank — Infrastructure-focused lending above $50M since 2000.
AidData — Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset v3.0 (2000–2021).